Period 3: Reply to this blog, copy and paste your write-up in the "leave a comment". Then also bring in a hard copy to class. Don't forget to proofread before you post.
Grammar Girl Colons Group Members Paul Mario Alyssa
Rule 1. Use the colon after a complete sentence to introduce a list of items when introductory words such as namely, for example, or that is do not appear.
Ex. You may be required to bring many items: sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.
Rule 2. A colon should not go before a list unless it follows a complete sentence.
Ex. There are three ways a waitress can make a good impression on her boss and her customers: (a) Dress appropriately. (b) Calculate the bill carefully. (c) Be courteous to customers.
Rule 3. Capitalization and punctuation are optional when using single words or phrases in bulleted form. If each bullet or numbered point is a complete sentence, capitalize the first word and end each sentence with proper ending punctuation.
Ex. The following are requested: (a) Wool sweaters for possible cold weather. (b) Wet suits for snorkeling. (c) Introductions to the local dignitaries.
Rule 4. Use a colon instead of a semicolon between two strong clauses (sentences) when the second clause explains or illustrates the first clause and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the clauses. If only one sentence follows the colon, do not capitalize the first word of the new sentence. If two or more sentences follow the colon, capitalize the first word of each sentence following.
Ex. Garlic is used in Italian cooking: It greatly enhances the flavor of pasta dishes. It also enhances the flavor of eggplant.
Rule 5. Use the colon to introduce a direct quotation that is more than three lines in length. In this situation, leave a blank line above and below the quoted material. Single space the long quotation. Some style manuals say to indent one-half inch on both the left and right margins; others say to indent only on the left margin. Quotation marks are not used.
Ex. The author of Touched, Jane Straus, wrote in the first chapter:
Georgia went back to her bed and stared at the intricate patterns of burned moth wings in the transluce nt glass of the overhead light. Her father was in “hyper mode” again where nothing could calm him down.
Rule 6. Use the colon to follow the salutation of a business letter even when addressing someone by his/her first name. Never use a semicolon after a salutation. A comma is used after the salutation for personal correspondence.
Semicolons (;) are use to separate things. Semicolons are commonly used to separate two main clauses that are closely related to each other but can also stand on their own as a sentence An example would be, “I am not alone; he came back to me.” The two sentences are separated by semicolons but could also hold up as two individual sentences if periods were placed between them.
Why might you use a semicolon? One might use a semicolon to add variety to their sentence. If you have use too many short sentences in a row, you can use a semicolon, but the sentences must be related to each other. It wouldn’t make sense if you wrote, “Bob was on his own; that concert was great.” Both of the clauses have nothing to with each other.
You can also use a semicolon when you use conjunctive adverb to join two main clauses. Conjunctive adverbs are words like, however, therefore, indeed, and nevertheless. For example, “His teammates didn’t show up; therefore, their coach had to forfeit.”
Rule.: Use the he/him method to decide which word is correct. he = who him = whom
Example: Who/Whom wrote the letter? He wrote the letter. The correct one would be who.
For who/whom should I vote? Should I vote for him? The correct one would be whom.
We all know who/whom pulled that prank. This sentence contains two clauses: We all know and who/whom pulled that prank. We are interested in the second clause because it contains the who/whom. He pulled that prank. Therefore, who is correct.
We want to know on who/whom the prank was pulled. This sentence contains two clauses: We want to know and the prank was pulled on who/whom. Again, we are interested in the second clause because it contains the who/whom. The prank was pulled on him. Therefore, whom is correct.
When you're trying to decide whether to use who or whom, ask yourself if the answer to the question would be he or him. That's the trick: if you can answer the question being asked with him, then use whom, and it's easy to remember because they both end with m.
Who Who is always used as the subject of the verb.
Whom Whom is never used as the subject of a verb. It is the object form of a pronoun.
This is an ordinary episode that we have. We have been getting comments about what is the difference between effect and affect. We are proud to tell you when to use and what the difference is.
We got a comment from Krystal saying: “For me is difficult to figure where each one belongs to and that is why I always have to redo my essays for that reason. A little help from JAE wouldn’t kill me.”
Before we begin explaining the difference make sure that you are closing paying attention and that we don’t get you confuse in any step of the way. In order to understand the correct situation in which to use the word affect or effect, the first thing one must do is have a clear understanding of what each word means.
Affect
The definition of affect is “to change”, “influence”, or “impact”. This is mostly describing as a verb, which is an action. An example “The weather forecast can affect the person in what they are going to wear that day.” If you see the how we use to word affect and plug in the definition it makes more sense.
Examples: • The woman took the news of her husband's sudden death with little affect. • The wind affected Eva’s hair when getting ready for prom. • Ice on a sidewalk affects walking ability.
Effect
The definition for effect is “a result” and it is use as a noun. An example is “The wind has a cooling effect on skin. Effect can also be used as a verb meaning "to bring about.”
Examples: • Bleach has a whitening effect on cloth. • What effect did the loss have on the team? • Coffee has an energizing effect on many people.
In order to construct and organize a well read essay, you should always keep in mind how to keep the reader interested and contemplating on what your trying to express. In order to quote directly from your source you must always introduce your argument and then follow it up with your quote. Quoting the most powerful and important phrases from your source can help organize and construct a more abstract essay. For example:
1.)According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
2.)According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184)
3.)Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)? The narrator asks if anyone could imagine her "looking a stage white man in the eye" (232).
Here the writer is explaining where he got his idea from the author’s perspective. Explaining his argument then supplying it with evidence shows a powerful grasp to the reader and important facts.
This is another way but more complex and requires more mind work than the basic way as shown above.
Examples:
Integrated quotations organize your thoughts into a well written source of evidence.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION:
1.)Hemingway uses the image of a momentary darkness to suggest the woman's growing disillusionment. After her quarrel with the man, "[t]he shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain . . ." (21).
2.)A similar shadow gradually develops over their relationship. SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION: Mrs. Peters sometimes appears to be almost supernatural. For example, Glaspell describes her "look of seeing into things, of seeing through a thing to something else . . ." (333).
3.)However, this "look" really demonstrates a sense of intuition rather than any magical powers.
Hopefully this can help us as a class understand how to quote and create a great essay.
Sources:
“The Owl At Purdue” October 21, 2008 MLA Formatting and Style Guide: Works Cited: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/09/
“Using Quotations In your Essay” orrowed from L. Boyd, winter 1996, Using Quotations In your Essay: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/patten/usingquotes.html
Daniel Rodarte Peter Bowie Damon Mouton Podcast# 999999
MLA format for quoting a book or paper:
In order to construct and organize a well read essay, you should always keep in mind how to keep the reader interested and contemplating on what your trying to express. In order to quote directly from your source you must always introduce your argument and then follow it up with your quote. Quoting the most powerful and important phrases from your source can help organize and construct a more abstract essay. For example:
1.)According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
2.)According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184)
3.)Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)? The narrator asks if anyone could imagine her "looking a stage white man in the eye" (232).
Here the writer is explaining where he got his idea from the author’s perspective. Explaining his argument then supplying it with evidence shows a powerful grasp to the reader and important facts.
This is another way but more complex and requires more mind work than the basic way as shown above.
Examples:
Integrated quotations organize your thoughts into a well written source of evidence.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION:
1.)Hemingway uses the image of a momentary darkness to suggest the woman's growing disillusionment. After her quarrel with the man, "[t]he shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain . . ." (21).
2.)A similar shadow gradually develops over their relationship. SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION: Mrs. Peters sometimes appears to be almost supernatural. For example, Glaspell describes her "look of seeing into things, of seeing through a thing to something else . . ." (333).
3.)However, this "look" really demonstrates a sense of intuition rather than any magical powers.
Hopefully this can help us as a class understand how to quote and create a great essay.
Sources:
“The Owl At Purdue” October 21, 2008 MLA Formatting and Style Guide: Works Cited: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/09/
“Using Quotations In your Essay” orrowed from L. Boyd, winter 1996, Using Quotations In your Essay: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/patten/usingquotes.html
Grammar Girl Parts of Speech Period 3 Keshondra Omar Jackelyn
Hello our fellow writers! This is Keshondra, Omar, and Jackie speaking. Today’s lesson is quick, simple and basic, yet highly important. Are you ready to learn the different parts of speech? What is a noun? A noun is a person, animal, place, or thing. There are common nouns and Proper nouns. Common nouns are classified as any noun, whereas a proper noun names a specific person, animal, place, or thing. In other words it is an actual name of a person, place, animal, or thing that is always capitalized no matter where it is found in a sentence.
Examples: Common Noun Proper noun Restaurant Taco Bell Candy Snickers Teacher Ms. Allen, Mr. Goldman Book The Coldest Winter Ever
Taco Bell is a proper noun because it names a specific restaurant. Snickers is a proper noun because it names a specific candy. Ms. Allen and Mr. Goldman are proper nouns because they are names of specific teachers/people. The Coldest Winter Ever is a proper noun because it is the title of a book.
Get the picture? Good!
So I’m sure you are wondering what a pronoun is, right? Well a pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun and refers to a person, animal, place, or thing that was mentioned previously.
Examples of pronouns: He, she, it.
At this instant you’re asking yourself, what is the name of the part of speech that describe nouns? Well, that would be an Adjective. An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying it.
Examples of adjectives: pretty, ugly, thirty-two, green, nice, mean, etc.
Now on to Verbs... A verb is a word or phrase that expresses action, existence, or occurrence. Examples of Verbs: play, take, be, eat, sleep, run, fight… And so on.
The words that describe verbs are called Adverbs. Examples: quickly, softly, slowly, happily, gently, painfully
Ok we’re almost done. We only have to go through a preposition!
A preposition is a word or phrase that shows the relationship of a noun to another noun. Such as: at, by, in, to, from, with, across below.
Now that you have learned the different parts of speech, let put it to test!
The night is beautiful and dark. The night would be a noun Is, the verb Beautiful/Dark, are both adjectives because they describe the night.
Angela rapidly drank her coke at work. Angela is a proper noun because it is a name of a specific person Drank is the verb because it is an action Rapidly describes how Angela drank her coke Coke is a proper noun, because it is the name of a specific thing (drink) At is a preposition because it creates a relationship between coke and work. Tells you where she drank her coke. Work is a noun because it is a place.
The Grammar Super Girls are: Zenaida Carrillo Noheli Jimenez queen_beauty26
These are the Grammar Super Girls!! We bring you Abbreviation in formal writing.
Abbreviations in formal writing has always been a problem and many people don't know how to use them correctly when it comes to writing a formal letter or paper.This is important to us because we like to use abbreviations so that we don't use up all the time we have. Abbreviations are so commonly used that we don't even think that they are informal. Words such as US, e.i., etc.We should try to avoid abbreviations in our writing because most of the time we don't even know how to abbreviate. When we write formally we try to show that we can write appropriately and abbreviations keep of from this. Abbreviations are very rarely used in formal writing. Almost the only ones which are frequently used are the abbreviations for certain common titles, when these are used with someone's name: Mr Willis, Dr Livingstone, Mrs Thatcher, Ms Harmon, St Joan. When writing about a French or Spanish person, you may use the abbreviations for the French and Spanish equivalents of the English titles: M. Mitterrand, Sr. González. Observe that each of these abbreviations begins with a capital letter.Although we shouldn't use them, there are a few exceptions. It is okay to abbreviate when the abbreviation for a name is more commonly used than the full name, but we shouldn't use periods. Here are 4 rules that should always be followed in formal writing:
1. In formal writing, one should not use abbreviations, except as indicated in rules 2, 3, and 4 below. For example:
(Incorrect): The U.S. Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
(Correct): The United States Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
(Incorrect): The Court announced its decision in the case on Sep. 12, 1991.
(Correct): The Court announced its decision in the case on September12, 1991.
2. When an abbreviation has become so common that it has supplanted the full name in common usage, one may use the abbreviation; however, one should do so without the use of periods. For example:
Incorrect: The P.E.T.A was the subject of a profile on C.B.S. last week.
Correct: The PETA was the subject of a profile on CBS last week.
However: The book was published by J.C. Reynolds Publishing, Inc.
In the example above the points after "J" and "C" should be left in, because the meaning of the abbreviation is not well known to most readers. Most of the time you would replace such an abbreviation with the full terms; however, you can not do so in this case because the legal corporate name involved includes the abbreviation.
3. When writing legal citations, always use the abbreviations. However, when referring to a court in text, do not abbreviate. For example:
Incorrect: The N.Y Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 New York 2d 73, 180 Northeast Reporter 2d 754 (1997).
Correct: The New York Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 2d 73, New York 180 N.E.2d 754 (1997).
4. When referring to a corporate entity that has one or more abbreviations as part of its legal name, such as J.C. Reynolds Industries, Inc., leave the abbreviations in the name. Do not spell out the abbreviation unless the corporation itself spells it out, which some do (for example, Exxon Shipping Company). This rule applies to all of the various forms of corporate designations, including Co., Corp., Inc., and Ltd.
Incorrect: McManus International, Incorporated
Correct: McManust International, Inc.
Thats all folks we are the Super Grammar Girls looking for grammar problems and helping you understand the correct way to do everything.See you later.
XOXO, Grammar Girls <3
Response:
#1 In my opinion i really like Alyssa's podcast i found it very interesting and easy to learn and understand i also liked her examples.
#2 Jackelyn as always did a great job i understood the podcast and loved her examples and i learned a lot from it.
(Group members ; Juhyun Kim, Gregory Holmes, Adrian)
Grammar Girl here.
Today's topic is idioms.
An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal definition, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.
Idioms are usually peculiar to itself either grammatically or in having a meaning that cannot be interpreted from the combined meanings of its elements.
These words commonly used in a group changes the definition of each of the words that exist. As an expression, the word-group becomes a team. These words develp a specialized meaning as a whole and an idiom is born.
Examples of idioms are as follows.
"butter someone up" : When you butter someone up, you flatter them, or you are very nice to them, especially if you want to obtain something. e.g. He was so keen to get the job that he spent his time buttering up the boss.
"not mince (your) words" or "mince no words" : to speak in a very direct and honest way without worrying that you may be offending someone. e.g. He doesn't mince words about the proposed law, which he considers "unconstitutional" and "idiotic." / She minces no words in stating her opinions.
"an old wives' tale" : a traditional belief or idea which has been proved wrong by science is called an onld wives' tale e.g. The belief that chocolate causes acne is an old wives' tale.
"fly by the seat of one's pants" : to do something by instinct rather than by knowledge or logic e.g. I was forced to fly by the seat of my pants when my computer broke and I had to try and fix it.
"go for broke" : to do something that is dangerous or that could result in complete failure in order to try to achieve success e.g. She decided to go for broke and start her own restaurant.
"not getting any younger" : It is used to say that someone is getting older and may not have much more time to do something. e.g. If we really want to see Paris, we should do it soon, We're not getting any younger, you know.
This podcast of grammar girl is brought to you by http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom.htm, http://www.ingilizceci.net/TenseExpl/ComSup.htm and http://www.stclaresenglish.net/langprac/compstu1.htm. Make sure you go visit theses website for further knowledge on this topic.
Today's show will cover the difference between superlatives and comparatives. Most people get confused superlatives and comparatives mixed up. They are both used to compare things but superlatives compare more than two things and comparatives compare only two things. Another problem people kept telling me they had was how to use them and how to change the word. So to help solve all your problem on this topic I've created this. Enjoy!
Superlatives What is a superlative? Well a superlative is used to compare two or more things. The trick with superlatives is that the adjective word is written a specific way. Superlative usually use the word the before writing the word. If you use an adjective word that has only one syllable and ends with an E you add a -ST at the end. For example, for the word "long" to be a superlatives it would have be used in the context as "longest." If I used "short" in a sentence, for it to be a superlative I would have to say, "Terry was the shortest in the class". You get it now? I hope you do because I'm not finished yet. If the word has two syllables and end in y like, happy, you change the Y to I then add an -EST to the end. So it would look like this: Ashika is the happiest person I know. One last thing to remember about superlatives, is if you have a two syllable word not ending in Y like beautiful, add the word most before it. For example, Courtne is the most beautiful kid at Hamilton.
Comparatives All that talk about superlatives has made me the most informed girl on the subject. Now comparatives which might be confused with superlatives are used to compare only two things. Comparatives are usually used with the word than or with the word but. If you have a word with one syllable and end in the letter E, just simply add an -r. For example, That hallway is wider than the other one. If you have a one syllable word with one vowel and one consonant at the end, double the consonant and add -er. Some of those words would look like this, bigger, hotter, or fatter. If you have a word with only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end, just add an -er. That sentence would look a little something like this, It is lighter in the day, but darker at night. I know this is a lot of information to retain but we are not quite finished yet. Now, if you have a two syllable word ending in Y, drop the Y to an I and add -er. I'm sillier at home then at work. Last, but not least, On words with two syllables or more not ending in Y just add the word more before the adjective. My grammar girl is more interesting than anyone else's grammar girl.
I hope that helped you out a lot and now you better understand the use of each. so if you hear someone say most smart you can tell them there is no such thing.
*responses - The episode about colons was very helpful. I always had been confused about semicolons. I learned that sentences must be closely related to each other to link sentences with semicolons. - The episode about MLA format was informative. Though, I think it would have been better if they had talked about creating works cited page, not only in-text citations.
Grammer Girl Group Fuentes Jackeline Pineda Priscilla Martinez Brian
Hello my fellow grammer people! If you’re here then obviously your in need of grammer assistance! Todays grammer girl lesson is about independent and dependent clauses. Unlike the Dependent clauses can never be alone in sentence or else it wouldn’t make sense. That’s why dependent clauses are combined with independent. Lets start off by testing what you already know, first. Identify whether these sentences are dependent or independent clauses.
• When Jaime went to go buy her school supplies. • Jaime went to go buy her school supplies.
If you guess that the first sentence is a dependent clause, you are correct! A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought, therefore it cannot be a complete sentence. It doesn’t express a complete thought.
If you guess that the second sentence is an independent clause, you are correct! An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. Therefore it can be a complete sentence.
Dependent clauses can never be alone in sentence or else it wouldn’t make sense. That’s why dependent clauses are combined with independent
Ex) How did you meet the man that offered you the job? YOU is the subject of the independent clause. WHO is the subject of the dependent clause.
Ex) The doctor told Charlie to lose weight and exercise vigorously for forty-five minutes a day
This sentence has one independent clause. The "and" in this sentence is connecting two infinitives, not two clauses. There is only one subject-verb relationship in this sentence: "doctor told."
Hopefully this podcast made you understand the difference between an independent and dependent clause and that an independent clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a dependent clause can stand not only for adverbs, but also for nouns and for adjectives, for which it’s an incomplete sentence.
Response #1: I loved the semicolons group. Their grammar girl was very organized and understandable. It felt like I was reading an actual grammar girl podcast. Good work guys!!!!!
Response #2: I also liked the colon group. I could tell they really new what they were talking about. However I do think there were too many rules.
I really think that Kristy's group did a great job. I sometimes have trouble deciding when i need to use who and whom, and with that quick tip it will be a lot easier.
I really think Kristy's group did a great job. I sometimes have trouble deciding which one to use. But with the simple tip they gave us, now it will be a lot easier. Great job guys!
I believe that Kristy did a great job with her podcast about who vs. whom. Although I'm still a bit confused she did an excellent job. Good job Kristy!!
I think that Jackelyn's group did an excellent job with their podcast about explaning the parts of speech. Thanks to them I have a clear understanding of the different parts of speech. Great job you guys!!
The grammar Girl group that did the dependent and independent clause did a very nice job with the outcome of their podcast. It was organized and I understood everything that was presented in the podcast. I learned that dependent clauses can never be left alone in a sentence because it wouldnt make any sense. That why the dependent clause has to be accompanied by the independent clause. The dependent clause has all the essential ingredients to make a perfect sentence but its not properly put together.
Ex. When robert whent bike riding (incorrect)
Robert went bike riding (correct)
Response: I thought that Alyssa's group had a very organized podcast and it was easy to understand.
I think Kristys group did a really good job on telling us who vs whom that really helped me understand how to use them.
The colon and semicolon podcast had really helped me because I would usually get confused about the colons and semicolons but know I am happy that know I know how to use that and my confusion is gone.
26 comments:
Grammar Girl Colons
Group Members
Paul
Mario
Alyssa
Rule 1. Use the colon after a complete sentence to introduce a list of items when introductory words such as namely, for example, or that is do not appear.
Ex. You may be required to bring many items: sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.
Rule 2. A colon should not go before a list unless it follows a complete sentence.
Ex. There are three ways a waitress can make a good impression on her boss and her customers:
(a) Dress appropriately.
(b) Calculate the bill carefully.
(c) Be courteous to customers.
Rule 3. Capitalization and punctuation are optional when using single words or phrases in bulleted form. If each bullet or numbered point is a complete sentence, capitalize the first word and end each sentence with proper ending punctuation.
Ex. The following are requested:
(a) Wool sweaters for possible cold weather.
(b) Wet suits for snorkeling.
(c) Introductions to the local dignitaries.
Rule 4. Use a colon instead of a semicolon between two strong clauses (sentences) when the second clause explains or illustrates the first clause and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the clauses. If only one sentence follows the colon, do not capitalize the first word of the new sentence. If two or more sentences follow the colon, capitalize the first word of each sentence following.
Ex. Garlic is used in Italian cooking: It greatly enhances the flavor of pasta dishes. It also enhances the flavor of eggplant.
Rule 5. Use the colon to introduce a direct quotation that is more than three lines in length. In this situation, leave a blank line above and below the quoted material. Single space the long quotation. Some style manuals say to indent one-half inch on both the left and right margins; others say to indent only on the left margin. Quotation marks are not used.
Ex. The author of Touched, Jane Straus, wrote in the first chapter:
Georgia went back to her bed and stared at the intricate patterns of burned moth wings in the transluce nt glass of the overhead light. Her father was in “hyper mode” again where nothing could calm him down.
Rule 6. Use the colon to follow the salutation of a business letter even when addressing someone by his/her first name. Never use a semicolon after a salutation. A comma is used after the salutation for personal correspondence.
Ex. Dear Ms. Rodriguez:
Grammar Girl Semicolons
Ana
Jose
Crystal
Today’s topic is semicolons.
Semicolons (;) are use to separate things. Semicolons are commonly used to separate two main clauses that are closely related to each other but can also stand on their own as a sentence An example would be, “I am not alone; he came back to me.” The two sentences are separated by semicolons but could also hold up as two individual sentences if periods were placed between them.
Why might you use a semicolon? One might use a semicolon to add variety to their sentence. If you have use too many short sentences in a row, you can use a semicolon, but the sentences must be related to each other. It wouldn’t make sense if you wrote, “Bob was on his own; that concert was great.” Both of the clauses have nothing to with each other.
You can also use a semicolon when you use conjunctive adverb to join two main clauses. Conjunctive adverbs are words like, however, therefore, indeed, and nevertheless. For example, “His teammates didn’t show up; therefore, their coach had to forfeit.”
That’s all.
Thanks for reading.
Grammar Girl Who vs. Whom
Group Members: Christina Ruiz
Rule.: Use the he/him method to decide which word is correct.
he = who
him = whom
Example: Who/Whom wrote the letter?
He wrote the letter. The correct one would be who.
For who/whom should I vote?
Should I vote for him? The correct one would be whom.
We all know who/whom pulled that prank.
This sentence contains two clauses: We all know and who/whom pulled that prank. We are interested in the second clause because it contains the who/whom. He pulled that prank. Therefore, who is correct.
We want to know on who/whom the prank was pulled.
This sentence contains two clauses: We want to know and the prank was pulled on who/whom. Again, we are interested in the second clause because it contains the who/whom. The prank was pulled on him. Therefore, whom is correct.
When you're trying to decide whether to use who or whom, ask yourself if the answer to the question would be he or him. That's the trick: if you can answer the question being asked with him, then use whom, and it's easy to remember because they both end with m.
Who
Who is always used as the subject of the verb.
Whom
Whom is never used as the subject of a verb. It is the object form of a pronoun.
That would be all for this grammar girl!
Effect versus Affect
JAE HERE!
This is an ordinary episode that we have. We have been getting comments about what is the difference between effect and affect. We are proud to tell you when to use and what the difference is.
We got a comment from Krystal saying:
“For me is difficult to figure where each one belongs to and that is why I always have to redo my essays for that reason. A little help from JAE wouldn’t kill me.”
Before we begin explaining the difference make sure that you are closing paying attention and that we don’t get you confuse in any step of the way. In order to understand the correct situation in which to use the word affect or effect, the first thing one must do is have a clear understanding of what each word means.
Affect
The definition of affect is “to change”, “influence”, or “impact”. This is mostly describing as a verb, which is an action. An example “The weather forecast can affect the person in what they are going to wear that day.” If you see the how we use to word affect and plug in the definition it makes more sense.
Examples:
• The woman took the news of her husband's sudden death with little affect.
• The wind affected Eva’s hair when getting ready for prom.
• Ice on a sidewalk affects walking ability.
Effect
The definition for effect is “a result” and it is use as a noun. An example is “The wind has a cooling effect on skin. Effect can also be used as a verb meaning "to bring about.”
Examples:
• Bleach has a whitening effect on cloth.
• What effect did the loss have on the team?
• Coffee has an energizing effect on many people.
That’s all!!!!
Thanks for reading!!!
This is JAE leaving you with a great lesson!!!!
Group Members
Jazmine
Alex
Eva
JAE!!!!
MLA format for quoting a book or paper:
In order to construct and organize a well read essay, you should always keep in mind how to keep the reader interested and contemplating on what your trying to express. In order to quote directly from your source you must always introduce your argument and then follow it up with your quote. Quoting the most powerful and important phrases from your source can help organize and construct a more abstract essay.
For example:
1.)According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
2.)According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184)
3.)Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
The narrator asks if anyone could imagine her "looking a stage white man in the eye" (232).
Here the writer is explaining where he got his idea from the author’s perspective. Explaining his argument then supplying it with evidence shows a powerful grasp to the reader and important facts.
This is another way but more complex and requires more mind work than the basic way as shown above.
Examples:
Integrated quotations organize your thoughts into a well written source of evidence.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION:
1.)Hemingway uses the image of a momentary darkness to suggest the woman's growing disillusionment. After her quarrel with the man, "[t]he shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain . . ." (21).
2.)A similar shadow gradually develops over their relationship.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION: Mrs. Peters sometimes appears to be almost supernatural. For example, Glaspell describes her "look of seeing into things, of seeing through a thing to something else . . ." (333).
3.)However, this "look" really demonstrates a sense of intuition rather than any magical powers.
Hopefully this can help us as a class understand how to quote and create a great essay.
Sources:
“The Owl At Purdue” October 21, 2008 MLA Formatting and Style Guide: Works Cited: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/09/
“Using Quotations In your Essay” orrowed from L. Boyd, winter 1996, Using Quotations In your Essay: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/patten/usingquotes.html
Daniel Rodarte
Peter Bowie
Damon Mouton
Podcast# 999999
MLA format for quoting a book or
paper:
In order to construct and organize a well read essay, you should always keep in mind how to keep the reader interested and contemplating on what your trying to express. In order to quote directly from your source you must always introduce your argument and then follow it up with your quote. Quoting the most powerful and important phrases from your source can help organize and construct a more abstract essay.
For example:
1.)According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
2.)According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184)
3.)Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
The narrator asks if anyone could imagine her "looking a stage white man in the eye" (232).
Here the writer is explaining where he got his idea from the author’s perspective. Explaining his argument then supplying it with evidence shows a powerful grasp to the reader and important facts.
This is another way but more complex and requires more mind work than the basic way as shown above.
Examples:
Integrated quotations organize your thoughts into a well written source of evidence.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION:
1.)Hemingway uses the image of a momentary darkness to suggest the woman's growing disillusionment. After her quarrel with the man, "[t]he shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain . . ." (21).
2.)A similar shadow gradually develops over their relationship.
SMOOTHLY INTEGRATED QUOTATION: Mrs. Peters sometimes appears to be almost supernatural. For example, Glaspell describes her "look of seeing into things, of seeing through a thing to something else . . ." (333).
3.)However, this "look" really demonstrates a sense of intuition rather than any magical powers.
Hopefully this can help us as a class understand how to quote and create a great essay.
Sources:
“The Owl At Purdue” October 21, 2008 MLA Formatting and Style Guide: Works Cited: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/09/
“Using Quotations In your Essay” orrowed from L. Boyd, winter 1996, Using Quotations In your Essay: http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/patten/usingquotes.html
Grammar Girl
Parts of Speech
Period 3
Keshondra
Omar
Jackelyn
Hello our fellow writers! This is Keshondra, Omar, and Jackie speaking. Today’s lesson is quick, simple and basic, yet highly important. Are you ready to learn the different parts of speech?
What is a noun?
A noun is a person, animal, place, or thing. There are common nouns and Proper nouns. Common nouns are classified as any noun, whereas a proper noun names a specific person, animal, place, or thing. In other words it is an actual name of a person, place, animal, or thing that is always capitalized no matter where it is found in a sentence.
Examples:
Common Noun Proper noun
Restaurant Taco Bell
Candy Snickers
Teacher Ms. Allen, Mr. Goldman
Book The Coldest Winter Ever
Taco Bell is a proper noun because it names a specific restaurant.
Snickers is a proper noun because it names a specific candy.
Ms. Allen and Mr. Goldman are proper nouns because they are names of specific teachers/people.
The Coldest Winter Ever is a proper noun because it is the title of a book.
Get the picture? Good!
So I’m sure you are wondering what a pronoun is, right?
Well a pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun and refers to a person, animal, place, or thing that was mentioned previously.
Examples of pronouns: He, she, it.
At this instant you’re asking yourself, what is the name of the part of speech that describe nouns? Well, that would be an Adjective. An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying it.
Examples of adjectives: pretty, ugly, thirty-two, green, nice, mean, etc.
Now on to Verbs...
A verb is a word or phrase that expresses action, existence, or occurrence.
Examples of Verbs: play, take, be, eat, sleep, run, fight…
And so on.
The words that describe verbs are called Adverbs.
Examples: quickly, softly, slowly, happily, gently, painfully
Ok we’re almost done. We only have to go through a preposition!
A preposition is a word or phrase that shows the relationship of a noun to another noun.
Such as: at, by, in, to, from, with, across below.
Now that you have learned the different parts of speech, let put it to test!
The night is beautiful and dark.
The night would be a noun
Is, the verb
Beautiful/Dark, are both adjectives because they describe the night.
Angela rapidly drank her coke at work.
Angela is a proper noun because it is a name of a specific person
Drank is the verb because it is an action
Rapidly describes how Angela drank her coke
Coke is a proper noun, because it is the name of a specific thing (drink)
At is a preposition because it creates a relationship between coke and work. Tells you where she drank her coke.
Work is a noun because it is a place.
Well that’s all folks! Thanks for listening!
The Grammar Super Girls are:
Zenaida Carrillo
Noheli Jimenez
queen_beauty26
These are the Grammar Super Girls!! We bring you Abbreviation in formal writing.
Abbreviations in formal writing has always been a problem and many people don't know how to use them correctly when it comes to writing a formal letter or paper.This is important to us because we like to use abbreviations so that we don't use up all the time we have. Abbreviations are so commonly used that we don't even think that they are informal. Words such as US, e.i., etc.We should try to avoid abbreviations in our writing because most of the time we don't even know how to abbreviate. When we write formally we try to show that we can write appropriately and abbreviations keep of from this. Abbreviations are very rarely used in formal writing. Almost the only ones which are frequently used are the abbreviations for certain common titles, when these are used with someone's name: Mr Willis, Dr Livingstone, Mrs Thatcher, Ms Harmon, St Joan. When writing about a French or Spanish person, you may use the abbreviations for the French and Spanish equivalents of the English titles: M. Mitterrand, Sr. González. Observe that each of these abbreviations begins with a capital letter.Although we shouldn't use them, there are a few exceptions. It is okay to abbreviate when the abbreviation for a name is more commonly used than the full name, but we shouldn't use periods. Here are 4 rules that should always be followed in formal writing:
1. In formal writing, one should not use abbreviations, except as indicated in rules 2, 3, and 4 below. For example:
(Incorrect): The U.S. Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
(Correct): The United States Supreme Court held that the defendant's rights had been violated.
(Incorrect): The Court announced its decision in the case on Sep. 12, 1991.
(Correct): The Court announced its decision in the case on September12, 1991.
2. When an abbreviation has become so common that it has supplanted the full name in common usage, one may use the abbreviation; however, one should do so without the use of periods. For example:
Incorrect: The P.E.T.A was the subject of a profile on C.B.S. last week.
Correct: The PETA was the subject of a profile on CBS last week.
However: The book was published by J.C. Reynolds Publishing, Inc.
In the example above the points after "J" and "C" should be left in, because the meaning of the abbreviation is not well known to most readers. Most of the time you would replace such an abbreviation with the full terms; however, you can not do so in this case because the legal corporate name involved includes the abbreviation.
3. When writing legal citations, always use the abbreviations. However, when referring to a court in text, do not abbreviate. For example:
Incorrect: The N.Y Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 New York 2d 73, 180 Northeast Reporter 2d 754 (1997).
Correct: The New York Supreme Court required the return of the child to his birth mother. Smithson v. Bettaglia, 59 2d 73, New York 180 N.E.2d 754 (1997).
4. When referring to a corporate entity that has one or more abbreviations as part of its legal name, such as J.C. Reynolds Industries, Inc., leave the abbreviations in the name. Do not spell out the abbreviation unless the corporation itself spells it out, which some do (for example, Exxon Shipping Company). This rule applies to all of the various forms of corporate designations, including Co., Corp., Inc., and Ltd.
Incorrect: McManus International, Incorporated
Correct: McManust International, Inc.
Thats all folks we are the Super Grammar Girls looking for grammar problems and helping you understand the correct way to do everything.See you later.
XOXO,
Grammar Girls <3
Response:
#1
In my opinion i really like Alyssa's podcast i found it very interesting and easy to learn and understand i also liked her examples.
#2
Jackelyn as always did a great job i understood the podcast and loved her examples and i learned a lot from it.
(Group members ; Juhyun Kim, Gregory Holmes, Adrian)
Grammar Girl here.
Today's topic is idioms.
An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal definition, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.
Idioms are usually peculiar to itself either grammatically or in having a meaning that cannot be interpreted from the combined meanings of its elements.
These words commonly used in a group changes the definition of each of the words that exist. As an expression, the word-group becomes a team. These words develp a specialized meaning as a whole and an idiom is born.
Examples of idioms are as follows.
"butter someone up" : When you butter someone up, you flatter them, or you are very nice to them, especially if you want to obtain something.
e.g. He was so keen to get the job that he spent his time buttering up the boss.
"not mince (your) words" or "mince no words" : to speak in a very direct and honest way without worrying that you may be offending someone.
e.g. He doesn't mince words about the proposed law, which he considers "unconstitutional" and "idiotic." / She minces no words in stating her opinions.
"an old wives' tale" : a traditional belief or idea which has been proved wrong by science is called an onld wives' tale
e.g. The belief that chocolate causes acne is an old wives' tale.
"fly by the seat of one's pants" : to do something by instinct rather than by knowledge or logic
e.g. I was forced to fly by the seat of my pants when my computer broke and I had to try and fix it.
"go for broke" : to do something that is dangerous or that could result in complete failure in order to try to achieve success
e.g. She decided to go for broke and start her own restaurant.
"not getting any younger" : It is used to say that someone is getting older and may not have much more time to do something.
e.g. If we really want to see Paris, we should do it soon, We're not getting any younger, you know.
*sources
(http://blog.naver.com/alexden)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom)(http://www.learnersdictionary.com/lwod.php)
(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/idiom)
Superlatives Versus Comparatives
Grammar girl
Ashika Ranasinghe
Courtne Dotson
Corey Tores
Jade
per.3
Grammar Girl here.
This podcast of grammar girl is brought to you by http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom.htm, http://www.ingilizceci.net/TenseExpl/ComSup.htm and http://www.stclaresenglish.net/langprac/compstu1.htm. Make sure you go visit theses website for further knowledge on this topic.
Today's show will cover the difference between superlatives and comparatives. Most people get confused superlatives and comparatives mixed up. They are both used to compare things but superlatives compare more than two things and comparatives compare only two things. Another problem people kept telling me they had was how to use them and how to change the word. So to help solve all your problem on this topic I've created this. Enjoy!
Superlatives
What is a superlative? Well a superlative is used to compare two or more things. The trick with superlatives is that the adjective word is written a specific way. Superlative usually use the word the before writing the word. If you use an adjective word that has only one syllable and ends with an E you add a -ST at the end. For example, for the word "long" to be a superlatives it would have be used in the context as "longest." If I used "short" in a sentence, for it to be a superlative I would have to say, "Terry was the shortest in the class". You get it now? I hope you do because I'm not finished yet. If the word has two syllables and end in y like, happy, you change the Y to I then add an -EST to the end. So it would look like this: Ashika is the happiest person I know. One last thing to remember about superlatives, is if you have a two syllable word not ending in Y like beautiful, add the word most before it. For example, Courtne is the most beautiful kid at Hamilton.
Comparatives
All that talk about superlatives has made me the most informed girl on the subject. Now comparatives which might be confused with superlatives are used to compare only two things. Comparatives are usually used with the word than or with the word but. If you have a word with one syllable and end in the letter E, just simply add an -r. For example, That hallway is wider than the other one. If you have a one syllable word with one vowel and one consonant at the end, double the consonant and add -er. Some of those words would look like this, bigger, hotter, or fatter. If you have a word with only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end, just add an -er. That sentence would look a little something like this, It is lighter in the day, but darker at night. I know this is a lot of information to retain but we are not quite finished yet. Now, if you have a two syllable word ending in Y, drop the Y to an I and add -er. I'm sillier at home then at work. Last, but not least, On words with two syllables or more not ending in Y just add the word more before the adjective. My grammar girl is more interesting than anyone else's grammar girl.
I hope that helped you out a lot and now you better understand the use of each. so if you hear someone say most smart you can tell them there is no such thing.
xoxo grammar girl
(Juhyun Kim)
*responses
- The episode about colons was very helpful. I always had been confused about semicolons. I learned that sentences must be closely related to each other to link sentences with semicolons.
- The episode about MLA format was informative. Though, I think it would have been better if they had talked about creating works cited page, not only in-text citations.
Grammer Girl Group
Fuentes Jackeline
Pineda Priscilla
Martinez Brian
Hello my fellow grammer people! If you’re here then obviously your in need of grammer assistance! Todays grammer girl lesson is about independent and dependent clauses. Unlike the Dependent clauses can never be alone in sentence or else it wouldn’t make sense. That’s why dependent clauses are combined with independent. Lets start off by testing what you already know, first. Identify whether these sentences are dependent or independent clauses.
• When Jaime went to go buy her school supplies.
• Jaime went to go buy her school supplies.
If you guess that the first sentence is a dependent clause, you are correct! A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought, therefore it cannot be a complete sentence. It doesn’t express a complete thought.
If you guess that the second sentence is an independent clause, you are correct! An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. Therefore it can be a complete sentence.
Dependent clauses can never be alone in sentence or else it wouldn’t make sense. That’s why dependent clauses are combined with independent
Ex) How did you meet the man that offered you the job?
YOU is the subject of the independent clause. WHO is the subject of the dependent clause.
Ex) The doctor told Charlie to lose weight and exercise vigorously for forty-five minutes a day
This sentence has one independent clause. The "and" in this sentence is connecting two infinitives, not two clauses. There is only one subject-verb relationship in this sentence: "doctor told."
Hopefully this podcast made you understand the difference between an independent and dependent clause and that an independent clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a dependent clause can stand not only for adverbs, but also for nouns and for adjectives, for which it’s an incomplete sentence.
Alright grammar girl listners; that’s all!
Work Cited:
http://www.grammaruntied.com/clauses/independent.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_clause
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_clause.html
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/indep_clause_quiz.htm
Response #1: I loved the semicolons group. Their grammar girl was very organized and understandable. It felt like I was reading an actual grammar girl podcast. Good work guys!!!!!
Response #2: I also liked the colon group. I could tell they really new what they were talking about. However I do think there were too many rules.
I really think that Kristy's group did a great job. I sometimes have trouble deciding when i need to use who and whom, and with that quick tip it will be a lot easier.
Example 1
Who turned of the lights?
Example 2
To whom is this card directed to?
I really think Kristy's group did a great job. I sometimes have trouble deciding which one to use. But with the simple tip they gave us, now it will be a lot easier. Great job guys!
Example 1:
Whom is this card directed to?
Example 2:
Who turned off the lights?
Jackelyn Gonzalez
Period 3
I believe that Kristy did a great job with her podcast about who vs. whom. Although I'm still a bit confused she did an excellent job. Good job Kristy!!
I think that Jackelyn's group did an excellent job with their podcast about explaning the parts of speech. Thanks to them I have a clear understanding of the different parts of speech. Great job you guys!!
Responses
#1 Kristy's podcast helped me understand when I have to use who or whom. Her method of using he and him is great.
#2 I usually confuse affect with effect but Eva and her group helped me understand the subject and it made the information clear.
The grammar Girl group that did the dependent and independent clause did a very nice job with the outcome of their podcast. It was organized and I understood everything that was presented in the podcast. I learned that dependent clauses can never be left alone in a sentence because it wouldnt make any sense. That why the dependent clause has to be accompanied by the independent clause. The dependent clause has all the essential ingredients to make a perfect sentence but its not properly put together.
Ex. When robert whent bike riding
(incorrect)
Robert went bike riding
(correct)
Response: I thought that Alyssa's group had a very organized podcast and it was easy to understand.
I think Kristys group did a really good job on telling us who vs whom that really helped me understand how to use them.
The colon and semicolon podcast had really helped me because I would usually get confused about the colons and semicolons but know I am happy that know I know how to use that and my confusion is gone.
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